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ADHD Medications Stimulants are often the first medicine doctors try to control symptoms. They increase levels of two chemical messengers within the brain called norepinephrine and dopamine. The most commonly prescribed stimulants are methylphenidate as well as Lisdexamfetamine, which are sold under the brand names Ritalin (Vyvanse) and Concerta (Ritalin). They can reduce appetite, which causes weight reduction in children. They also raise blood pressure and heart rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate (brand name Ritalin) is the most frequently prescribed stimulant medication for ADHD in both adults and children. It works by changing the levels of certain natural substances in the brain. It can be taken in a liquid form, chewable tablet or capsule. adhd no medication -acting tablet and orally disintegrating tablets provide some of the medicine immediately, while the long-release capsule releases a steady dose over time. You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking these drugs. The methylphenidate medication stimulates areas of the brain that are not active within ADHD patients, like those involved in concentration. They increase concentration and make it easier to do things such as listening, following instructions and paying attention. These medicines can also reduce physical aggression and other types of antisocial behavior. Studies of methylphenidate's effect on the brain reveal that it raises levels of noradrenaline and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex as well as the nucleus accumbens. It does not however connect to the serotonin transporter and therefore doesn't affect serotonin levels. This mechanism of action is thought to explain why methylphenidate reduces symptoms of ADHD. Methylphenidate is best taken as part of a comprehensive treatment program for ADHD that includes counseling and other educational programs. It could cause unwanted adverse effects, including headaches and stomachaches. It is not recommended to pregnant women. However, if the advantages of the medicine outweigh the risks, it may be administered during pregnancy. Your doctor will advise you. Methylphenidate is classified as a Schedule II classification, which means it is highly dependent and susceptible to abuse. It is also a central nervous system stimulant and can cause an increase in blood pressure and heart rate in some people. These effects can be hazardous for those suffering from medical ailments that affect how the body utilizes blood pressure and heart rate-lowering drugs, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (fatty liver disease) or a history of stroke or heart attack. Methylphenidate may cause allergic reactions in some people. Tell your doctor that you suffer from allergies. He or she may be in a position to prescribe a new medication that doesn't cause these reactions. Amphetamines Amphetamines are a kind of psychostimulant which is used to treat ADHD. They work by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which improve cognitive functioning and motivate behaviors. They also help in treating narcolepsy which is a disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness. Amphetamines can be bought over-the drugstore or through prescription from a physician. Children who aren't responding to methylphenidate, the first line treatment for ADHD in the United States is often prescribed amphetamines. Researchers examined seven randomized controlled studies of amphetamines in children and adolescents suffering from ADHD (dextroamphetamine [Vyvanse] or lisdexamfetamine, or mixed amphetamines salts). The results showed that amphetamines were superior to placebo in decreasing the severity of ADHD symptoms. However, most of the studies had a high risk of bias. This makes it difficult to establish whether the differences observed between the various amphetamines are genuine. The authors investigated different doses of the drug, but did not find any differences between sustained-release and immediate-release formulations. The authors also looked at the effects of altering the amount of time the drug is taken every day. Again, there was no difference. The authors also investigated whether the combination of l- and d-amphetamine was more effective than d-amphetamine by itself, which is what is normally used as the primary ingredient in Adderall. The researchers discovered that d-amphetamine on its own was not as effective as the combination. The authors concluded that their external validity was limited by the short duration of the study and the strict inclusion criteria. It would be helpful to conduct longitudinal RCTs that have longer follow-up intervals and employ objective outcomes that cannot be affected by the failure of blinding. In addition future RCTs should consider using multiple comparator drugs in order to increase the power of their findings. Current guidelines recommend lisdexamfetamine as well as methylphenidate in adults suffering from ADHD. If the six-week study of these drugs doesn't produce enough benefits, doctors can switch to dexamfetamine standard which is more quickly broken down into damphetamine and requires more frequent use. Atomoxetine is a viable option if dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine do not provide enough benefits to the patient. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medications ease ADHD symptoms for 70% to the majority of adults and children who are taking them. They reduce hyperactivity, interruptions and fidgeting behavior and other disruptive behaviors. They also improve focus, academic performance, and social skills. Your child's doctor may use them as the first treatment, or they may be used alongside other therapies such as behavioral therapy. The medication is available in liquids, pills or patches that are placed on the skin. If your child starts taking these medicines, their healthcare professionals will monitor their body's responses to find the right dose. They will also check for any possible side effects. Long-acting stimulants alleviate symptoms all day long without the need for repeat dosages. They contain a delayed-release component, so the medication enters the body at different times, ensuring constant coverage for as long as 8 hours. They also have a lower abuse and diversion risk than short-acting stimulant drugs. Amphétamines or methylphenidates are two most popular classes of drugs that help people with ADHD improve their focus, attention and impulsivity. The medication affects dopamine levels in the brain. It could take a week or more to experience the full impact of these medications and therefore your doctor will likely start with a low dosage and increase it gradually. The kind of stimulant your child is taking depends on several aspects, such as age, weight and whether your child is allergic or not to the drug. Inform your doctor if your child is taking any other medications, whether OTC or prescription, vitamins and supplements. Certain medications can have harmful side effects when combined in conjunction with other substances. Your doctor should know what medications you and your child are taking. The side effects of stimulant medication include insomnia, loss of appetite, and headaches. These side effects usually disappear after a few weeks or months, but should you still experience them, then consult your physician. You may be able reduce adverse effects by taking your medication with food or altering the dosage. Short-acting stimulants If you or your child has ADHD, there's a good chance that medication can help. Studies have shown that 70% to 80 percent of both children and adults with ADHD are improved by taking ADHD medications. These medications reduce symptoms such as hyperactivity, fidgeting and interruptions, and difficulties staying focused or working on tasks. These people have less trouble at school and home and more stable relationships. Stimulants alter levels of norepinephrine, and dopamine in your brain. They're the first treatment most doctors recommend for children and adults with ADHD. Methylphenidate, also known as Adderall and Ritalin, are two of most commonly prescribed stimulants. Doctors may also prescribe extended-release forms of these medications that last between six and 16 hours. They can be taken in the morning or given at various times throughout the day to avoid fluctuations in blood levels. You or your child might need to test different medications and dosages before you can find the best one. Some of the side effects include headaches, stomachaches, and changes in blood pressure or heart rate. These are the most common side effects when the introduction of a new medication or the dosage is increased. These effects usually fade over time as the body becomes used to the medication. All medications can cause adverse effects. However they aren't experienced by most people very often, or even infrequently. Speak to your doctor right away in the event that you or your child is experiencing an adverse reaction. In some instances people with ADHD is not required to take stimulant medication. This is particularly true if they have very good ability to manage their emotions or are able to structure their lives so that the ADHD medication is only required in specific circumstances when they require it. Some people may also be prescribed nonstimulant ADHD medication, such as antidepressants such as bupropion (Wellbutrin). These do not have FDA approval to treat ADHD, but are used “off label” for this purpose. Nonstimulant medications may cause less sedation and depression than stimulants, but can cause adverse effects, such as insomnia or agitation.